On the one hand, this report on the condition of children and adolescents in Italy intends to examine some open questions of the 2000s which show that, without being over-pessimistic, today’s children and adolescents are difficult to understand and, above all, to “control”. On the other hand, the report intends to identify a common strategy to improve the lives of “growing citizens” and to more and more effectively meet their fundamental needs of human development.